The head should be elevated, but not pushed too far back (in order to avoid swallowing blood). Most nosebleeds can be self-treated by directly applying manual pressure to the nostrils, squeezing them between the fingers for 5 to 30 minutes. Lab tests will allow the doctor to evaluate underlying medical conditions that may be causing the severe bleeding. Where they are especially severe or recur, it is necessary to see a doctor. DiagnosisĮpisodes of nose bleeding are self-evident. In rare cases, where blood loss is especially heavy, the patient may feel light-headed, dizzy and may even faint. In most cases, blood will flow from a single nostril, but when a nosebleed is particularly heavy, it will spill into the second nostril, and may also run down the throat and into the stomach (in which case the patient will also spit up or vomit blood). In rare cases, nosebleeds can be life-threatening, especially in elderly patients and those who suffer from diseases or conditions that occur together with the nosebleeds. Most episodes of nosebleeds are self-limited, meaning the bleeding will stop without medical assistance. They are more frequently associated with complications such as airway obstruction, breathing blood into the lungs and coughing it up, and abnormally low blood plasma volume. These are usually heavier and more difficult to control. Posterior bleeds come from the back of the nose. Anterior bleeds come from the front of the nose, and are more frequent. There are two types of nose bleeding: posterior and anterior. They generally result when the tissue that lines part of the nose erodes and certain vessels become exposed and break.Ĭauses include trauma, abnormalities in the structure that separates the nose into two sides (septum), irritation of the tissue lining the nasal cavity, inflammatory diseases, tumours, high blood pressure, vitamin K deficiency, hardening of arteries (arteriosclerosis) and specific blood or blood vessel disorders (such as hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia). Nosebleeds are a very common medical problem. Intracranial arteriovenous malformation (AVM).Fistula malfunction in renal insufficiency.While some causes can be self-cured at home, a few others need proper treatment from a medical practitioner. Blood cancer/ leukemia: In some cases of leukemia, the patient might experience nosebleed along with other complications.Excessive alcohol consumption: In people who consume alcohol in an excessive amount, nose bleeding might occur as an after effect.Excessive scratching or sneezing: This might cause the nasal wall to rupture, causing minor bleeding.Blood thinning medication: People having blood thinning medicines are more prone to experiencing an episode of nose bleed for obvious reasons.Conditions hampering blood clot formation: There are certain medical conditions in which the blood clot formation does not take place effectively and thus the bleeding incidents can happen with minor causes as well.Liver infection: This condition can be one of the rare causes of nosebleed.High blood pressure basically increases your chances of experiencing nosebleed. Hypertension/ high blood pressure: People, who have high blood pressure and one or more of other predisposing factors, might experience nosebleed in some cases.Not every person with sinusitis experiences nose bleeds though. Sinusitis: Bleeding is seen in a moderate number of cases of sinusitis.The severity of bleeding depends on the intensity and nature of blow/ injury. Injury or blow to the nose: Any injury or sudden blow may cause the nose to bleed.While a few factors can be taken care of easily, there are a few rare cases that are actually alarming. Nosebleeds, however, can be a cause of concern if they happen regularly. The nose is home to a lot of blood vessels and being fragile they bleed easily. Though nosebleeds are usually not a cause for serious concern, it can sometimes be a scary experience and cause a lot of anxiety.
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